[103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. 10. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. Repression is the accumulation of state behaviors that target actors who challenge beliefs, institutions, and actions of the dictatorship. The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. From the outside looking in, life within a dictatorship appears akin to being in a toxic relationship or living situation. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. Accused of crimes against humanity, Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death in 2006. He was also ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. Reading Time: 4 minutes. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. In military dictatorships, it is the military that exerts complete or substantial control over the government rather than a political clique. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. Like right-wing, it is not a copyrighted term. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. [134] Revolution takes place when the opposition group grows large enough that elites in the regime cannot suppress it or choose not to. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. Venezuela has a presidential government. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. China's constitution calls its government a "people's democratic dictatorship." [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. Preference falsification, Internal politics, data scarcity, and restriction of media are just a few examples of the dangers of a personalistic authoritarian regime. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. 1. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often.
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